Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

Leiva, Astrid; Méndez, Geovanna; Rodríguez, César; Molina, Andrea; Granados-Chinchilla, Fabio

doi:10.1186/s40550-019-0075-8

Food Safety and Risk

Table 7 Antibiotic residues found in Costa Rican animal feed after routine inspections

From: Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

Animal feed	Phase		Antibiotic	Concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Medicated Animal feed [Number of prevalent samples, n]
Poultry feed [2]	Start^c,d		Tetracycline	7.39
			Florfenicol	80.07
			Narasin	227.68
	Growth^c		Tetracycline	26.93
			Florfenicol	287.51
			Doxycycline	68.54
			Narasin	44.03
Pig feed [1]	Final^c		Tetracycline	5.45
			Narasin	2.04
Non-medicated Animal feed [Number of prevalent samples, n]
Poultry feed [22]	Start [3]		Tetracycline	30.61
			Monensina	23,.0
			Narasina	36,517.25
	Growth [3]		Monensin	163.25–13.84
	Final [4]		Tetracycline	13.65
			Monensin [3]	37.05–0.45
	Layer [12]		Monensin	191.69–7.34
Pig feed [19]	Start [3]		Monensin	20.51–25.69
	Growth [11]		Tetracycline	6.21
			Demeclocycline	354.46
			Narasin	142.55
			Monensin [8]	49.03–5.17
	Final [5]		Tetracycline [2]	12.21–10.76
			Monensin [3]	27.91–22.99
Fish and shrimp feed [5]	Not indicated		4-epioxitetracycline	159.94
			Monensin [4]	741.45–13.36
Dairy cattle feed [2]	Not indicated		Monensin	3258.86–57.04
Horse feed [1]	Not indicated		Doxycycline	101.86
Raw material [1]	Corn meal		Monensin	27.25
Summary
Average ± SD	Median	Max	Min	Prevalence, % [Samples below limit of detection, counts (n)]
Concentration, mg kg⁻¹
4-epianhydrotetracycline
(1.21 ± 1.97)× 10¹	1.21× 10¹	1.23× 10¹	1.19× 10¹	2.22 [88]
Doxycycline
1.66 × 10² ± 6.38× 10¹	1.66 × 10²	2.29 × 10²	1.02 × 10²	2.22 [88]
Florfenicol
(1.09 ± 1.17) × 10³	4.52 × 10²	3.12 × 10³	3.53 × 10²	4.44 [86]
Narasin
(2.73 ± 8.26) × 10³	5.89×10¹	3.65 × 10⁴	9.00 × 10⁻¹	24.44 [68]
Monensin
(1.57 ± 4.99) × 10²	2.33×10¹	3.26 × 10³	2.57 × 10⁻¹	58.89 [37]
Target analytes with one event^b
Antibiotic			Concentration ± U_x/x, mg kg⁻¹
Cloramphenicol			7.12 ± 2.04
Erythromycin			11.22 ± 3.22
Virginiamycin			33.00 ± 9.46
Sulfamethazine			143.98 ± 41.28
4-epioxytetracycline			159.94 ± 45.86
Minocycline			193.82 ± 55.57
Chlortetracycline			252.29 ± 72.33
Demeclocycline			354.46 ± 101.63

^aAntibiotics not listed should be considered to be below their respective limits of detection
^bThis represents a prevalence of 2.50% for each compound; analyte found in only one sample
^cMedicated animal feed with active ingredients not indicated on the label
^dMedicated animal feed with the active ingredient concentration above what is indicated on the label

Back to article page

ISSN: 2731-9245

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com