An assessment of health risks posed by consumption of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables among residents in the Kampala Metropolitan Area in Uganda

Ssemugabo, Charles; Bradman, Asa; Ssempebwa, John C.; Sillé, Fenna; Guwatudde, David

doi:10.1186/s40550-022-00090-9

Table 1 Concentration of pesticide residues per fruit and vegetable type compared with the MRLs

From: An assessment of health risks posed by consumption of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables among residents in the Kampala Metropolitan Area in Uganda

Pesticide residues	LOD (mg/kg)	Water melon (mg/kg)		Passion fruit (mg/kg)		Tomato (mg/kg)		Cabbage (mg/kg)		Eggplant (mg/kg)
Pesticide residues	LOD (mg/kg)	Mean	MRL	Mean	MRL	Mean	MRL	Mean	MRL	Mean	MRL
Dithiocarbamate^a	0.000006	0.001	1.5	0.00007	0.05	0.0002	3	0.0006	3	0.0004	3
Omethoate	0.00002	0.0004	0.01	0.0002	0.01	0.0003	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00007	0.01
Acephate	0.00003	0.001	0.01	0.001	0.01	0.0001	0.01	0.00008	0.01	0.0002	0.01
Monocrotophos	0.00001	0.00003	0.01	0.00004	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00003	0.01	0.00002	0.01
Vamidothion	0.00001	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00008	0.01
Dimethoate	0.000008	0.0007	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Mevinphos	0.00003	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00004	0.01	0.00005	0.01
Phosphamidon	0.00002	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00005	0.01
Fonofos	0.00001	0.03^a	0.01	0.2^a	0.01	0.2	10	0.1^a	0.01	0.1^a	0.01
Azamethiphos	0.000005	0.00002	0.01	0.000007	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Dichlorvos	0.00002	0.003	0.01	0.007	0.01	0.0001	0.01	0.0002	0.01	0.0007	0.01
Malaoxon	0.00001	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	0.00004	0.02	0.00002	0.02	BDL	0.02
Methidathion	0.00001	BDL	0.02	0.000003	0.02	0.00002	0.02	BDL	0.02	0.000001	0.02
Malathion	0.00002	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	0.00007	0.02
Methacrifos	0.000005	BDL	0.01	0.00003	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Ethoprophos	0.00008	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Fenamiphos	0.000009	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.04	BDL	0.04	BDL	0.02
Quinalphos	0.00003	0.0001	0.01	0.0001	0.01	0.00003	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.0001	0.01
Coumaphos	0.00002	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Chlorpyriphos-methyl	0.000008	BDL	0.01	0.00004	0.01	0.00009	0.01	0.00005	0.01	0.00002	0.01
Temephos	0.000008	BDL	0.01	0.00001	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.000009	0.01	BDL	0.01
Profenofos	0.00001	0.003	0.01	0.00002	0.01	0.04	10	0.003	0.01	0.005	0.01
Pirimiphosmethyl	0.00002	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00001	0.01
Fenitrothion	0.00001	0.02^a	0.01	0.004	0.01	0.01^a	0.01	0.03^a	0.01	0.03^a	0.01
Aminocarb	0.00002	BDL	0.01	0.0007	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00008	0.01	0.00002	0.01
Methomyl	0.00003	0.00006	0.015	0.00003	0.01	0.00003	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00003	0.01
Aldicarbfragment	0.00001	0.00002	0.02	0.00002	0.02	0.00004	0.02	0.00002	0.02	BDL	0.02
Pirimicarb	0.00003	0.00004	0.5	0.00004	0.01	BDL	0.5	BDL	0.5	BDL	0.5
Dioxacarb	0.00001	0.004	0.01	0.003	0.01	0.003	0.01	0.003	0.01	0.004	0.01
Carbaryl	0.000008	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.00001	0.01
Carbofuran	0.000009	0.00003	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.002	BDL	0.002	0.00003	0.002
Alanycarb	0.00001	0.0001	0.02	0.00006	0.02	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.006	0.02
Benfuracarb	0.00005	0.0005	0.01	BDL	0.01	0.004	0.002	0.07	0.002	0.004	0.002
Methiocarb	0.00004	BDL	0.03	BDL	0.03	BDL	0.03	0.00005	0.03	BDL	0.03
Imidacloprid	0.00003	0.0007	0.2	0.0008	0.05	0.0004	0.5	0.0004	0.5	0.0002	0.5
Acetamiprid	0.00002	0.004	0.2	0.002	0.01	0.008	0.5	0.005	0.4	0.001	0.2
Thiacloprid	0.00001	BDL	0.2	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.5	BDL	0.3	BDL	0.7
Bifenthrin	0.00002	0.0001	0.01	0.00004	0.01	0.0004	0.3	0.00005	0.4	BDL	0.3
Lambda-Cyhalothrin	0.00002	0.0002	0.06	0.0001	0.01	0.0002	0.07	0.0002	0.15	0.0002	0.3
Deltamethrin	0.00001	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.07	0.00006	0.1	BDL	0.4
Cypermethrin	0.00001	0.0002	0.2	BDL	0.05	0.001	0.5	0.0004	1	0.0004	0.5
Carbendazim	0.00002	BDL	0.1	0.0001	0.1	BDL	0.3	0.0001	0.1	BDL	0.5
Imazalil	0.00001	0.0005	0.01	0.0004	0.01	0.0001	0.3	0.0003	0.01	0.0003	0.01
Metazachlor	0.00001	0.00001	0.02	0.00004	0.02	0.00006	0.02	0.00002	0.4	0.00002	0.02
Metalaxyl	0.00002	BDL	0.2	BDL	0.01	0.00005	0.3	BDL	0.06	BDL	0.01
Azaconazole	0.000006	0.000009	0.01	0.0001	0.01	0.000008	0.01	0.00007	0.01	0.000008	0.01
Clomazone	0.000007	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Azoxystrobin	0.000007	BDL	1	BDL	4	0.00456	3	0.003	5	0.003	3
Pyrimethanil	0.00002	0.0001	0.01	0.00008	0.01	0.0001	1	0.00008	0.01	0.00006	1
Spirotetramat	0.00002	0.00003	0.2	BDL	0.1	0.00009	2	0.00001	2	BDL	2
Fenhexamid	0.00001	0.01^a	0.01	0.07^a	0.01	BDL	2	0.03^a	0.01	0.009	2
Fenarimol	0.00001	0.0006	0.05	0.0003	0.02	0.0002	0.02	0.0003	0.02	0.0004	0.02
Fluazifop	0.00002	0.005	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.06	0.0004	0.01	BDL	1
Flufenoxuron	0.00002	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01	BDL	0.01
Pyriproxyfen	0.000007	BDL	0.05	BDL	0.05	BDL	1	BDL	0.05	BDL	1
Quinoxyfen	0.00003	BDL	0.05	0.00005	0.02	0.00004	0.02	BDL	0.02	0.00003	0.02
Proquinazid	0.00001	BDL	0.02	BDL	0.02	0.001	0.15	0.0003	0.02	0.00009	0.02

BDL Below detection limits, LOD Limit of Detection
^aAbove the MRLs

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