From: A human health risk assessment of lead (Pb) ingestion among adult wine consumers
Country | N (%) | Mean Pb (μg/L) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 20 (4%) | 72.5 | (Lara et al. 2005) |
Australia | 28 (6%) | 5.0 | |
Brazil | 13 (3%) | 75.4 | (Dessuy et al. 2008; Dessuy et al. 2011; Schiavo et al. 2008) |
Bulgaria | 2 (<1%) | 21.0 | (Karadjova et al. 2007) |
Chile | 6 (1%) | 42.4 | |
China | 3 (1%) | 22.4 | (Wu et al. 2007) |
Croatia | 8 (2%) | 32.6 | (Tariba et al. 2011) |
France | 1 (<1%) | 8.0 | (Ajtony et al. 2008) |
Germany | 2 (<1%) | 20.4 | (Ajtony et al. 2008) |
Hungary | 35 (7%) | 35.0 | (Ajtony et al. 2008) |
Italy | 68 (14%) | 47.2 | (Elçi et al. 2009; Illuminati et al. 2014; Karadjova et al. 2007; La Pera et al. 2008) |
Macedonia | 2 (<1%) | 22.3 | (Karadjova et al. 2007) |
Portugal | 43 (9%) | 51.6 | (Catarino et al. 2006; Catarino et al. 2007; da Costa et al. 2014; Santos et al. 2013; Yamasaki et al. 2012) |
Romania | 63 (13%) | 40.5 | |
Spain | 86 (18%) | 15.7 | (Ajtony et al. 2008, Dessuy et al. 2008, Gonzalvez et al. 2008; Grindlay et al. 2009; Grindlay et al. 2008; Iglesias et al. 2007; Moreno et al. 2007) |
Turkey | 23 (5%) | 0.1 | |
Ukraine | 8 (2%) | 0.5 | (Vystavna et al. 2014) |
United States | 61 (13%) | 4.4 | |
Total | 472 (100%) | 30.4 | Â |